Technology upgrade and maintenance
Business strategies aimed at switching to more cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies (e.g. fuel efficient cars, energy efficient buildings, improved agricultural methods, etc.) Maintenance strategies are also included when they can expand the life of certain assets. While cost-effective, these strategies might require an initial capital expenditure. They are usually encouraged through internal company policies, regulatory measures or through providing targeted access to capital.
Corporate supply chain management
Sustainable corporate supply chain management refers to targeted initiatives meant to improve the sustainability, cost effectiveness, and risk profile of a company's supply chain. It includes a wide range of actions that combine reducing environmental impacts with efforts that can also save money, reduce value chain volatility (price and supply), improve supplier relations, better manage brand reputation, and reduce other political, social and environmental risks. Examples include avoiding deforestation in raw materials sourcing, tracking or greening commodity sources, replacing toxic or otherwise harmful materials, etc.